Ablación con RF de arritmia ventricular en paciente con disyunción anular mitral y QT prolongado

Se presenta el caso de una mujer joven con arritmia ventricular compleja, disyunción anular mitral y QT largo. Se muestran los aspectos más relevantes de su presentación clínica, estudio, tratamiento y evolución. Se acompaña una revisión de la literatura.

We present the case of a young woman with complex ventricular arrhythmia, mitral annular disjunction and long QT. The most relevant aspects of its clinical presentation, study, treatment and evolution are shown. A review of the literature is included.

Miocardiopatía hipertrófica, anomalía coronaria, enfermedad aterosclerótica y arritmia ventricular coexistiendo en un mismo paciente

Presentamos el caso de un paciente quien presentó un evento presincopal en el que destacan 3 patologías asociadas a muerte súbita de forma independiente: miocardiopatía hipertrófica, origen anómalo coronario y enfermedad arterial coronaria epicárdica; diagnósticos coexistentes. Se describe las patologías, diagnóstico, manejo médico y terapéutico y se revisa la literatura.

A patient presented with a presyncopal event. Three conditions independently associated with sudden death, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, anomalous origin of coronary arteries and epicardial coronary artery disease were found. Diagnosis, and medical management are described, followed by a review of the literature.

ablación de fibrilación auricular como tratamiento de primera línea: revisión de la literatura / Ablation as a first line treatment for atrial fibrillation: a review

RESUMEN La ablación con radiofrecuencia (RF) o con Criobalón (CRIO) en pacientes con fibrilación auricular (FA) paroxística y persistente es un tratamiento seguro y eficaz en pacientes seleccionados. Datos recientes demuestran que la ablación proporciona mejores resultados en comparación con fármacos antiarrítmicos (FAA) en el tratamiento de la FA temprana. Los estudios que comparan RF y CRIO mostraron una eficacia y seguridad comparables en el aislamiento de venas pulmonares (PVI) para pacientes con FA paroxística sintomática. OBJETIVOS: Revisar estudios clínicos que comparan el tratamiento de la FA con ablación versus FAA como terapia de primera línea en pacientes con FA sin tratamiento previo. La eficacia y la seguridad se compararán entre las dos cohortes y entre los subgrupos. MÉTODO: Se incluye un total de 6 estudios en los que participaron 1212 pacientes con FA: 609 pacientes fueron aleatorizados a ablación de FA y 603 a tratamiento farmacológico En comparación con el tratamiento con FAA, la ablación se asoció con una reducción en la recurrencia de arritmias auriculares (32,3 % frente a 53 %; riesgo relativo [RR], 0,62; IC del 95 %, 0,51-0,74; P < 0,001; I 2 = 40 %, NNT: 5). El uso de ablación también se asoció con una reducción de las arritmias auriculares sintomáticas (11,8 % frente a 26,4 %; RR, 0,44; IC del 95 %, 0,27-0,72; P = 0,001; I 2 = 54%) y hospitalización (5,6% vs 18,7%; RR, 0,32; IC 95%, 0,19-0,53; P< 0,001) sin diferencias significativas en los eventos adversos graves entre los grupos (4,2 % frente a 2,8 %; RR, 1,52; IC del 95 %, 0,81-2,85; P = 0,19). CONCLUSIÓN: En pacientes con FA paroxística, una estrategia de control precoz del ritmo cardíaco, se asocia con una mayor probabilidad de supervivencia, menos procedimientos repetidos, menos hospitalizaciones y, probablemente, una disminución en la progresión a FA persistente.

INTRODUCTION: Radiofrequency (RF) or cryoballoon (CRYO) ablation in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) are safe and effective treatments in selected patients. Recent data show that ablation provides better results compared to antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) in the treatment of early AF. Studies comparing RF and CRYO showed comparable efficacy and safety in pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for patients with symptomatic paroxysmal AF. OBJETIVES: Review of clinical trials comparing treatment of AF with ablation versus AAD as first-line therapy in patients with AF with no previous treatment. Efficacy and safety are compared between the two cohorts and between subgroups. METHODS: A total of 6 studies involving -212 AF patients were included: 609 were randomized to AF ablation and 603 to pharmacological treatment. Ablation, compared with AAD, was associated with a reduction in recurrence of atrial arrhythmias (32.3% vs. 53%; relative risk [RR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.51-0.74, P< 0.001, I2 = 40%, NNT: 5). The use of ablation was also associated with a reduction in symptomatic atrial arrhythmias (11.8% vs. 26.4%; RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.27-0.72; P= 0.001; I2 = 54%) and hospitalization (5.6% vs 18.7%; RR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.19-0.53; P <0.001) with no significant differences in major adverse events (4.2% vs. 2.8%; RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.81-2.85; P=0.19). CONCLUSION: In patients with paroxysmal AF, an early cardiac rhythm control with ablation is associated with a higher probability of survival, fewer repeat procedures, fewer hospitalizations, and probably a decrease in progression to persistent AF.

Taquicardia ventricular por reentrada rama - rama en pacientes con enfermedad de Steinert: serie de tres casos y revisión de la literatura / Bundle branch reentrant ventricular tachycardia in patients with Steinert´s disease: report of three cases and review of the literature

Resumen: Se presentan tres casos clínicos de pacientes con en Enfermedad de Steinert y Taquicardia ventricular recurrente asociada. En los 3 casos el diagnóstico involucró un exhaustivo estudio electrofisiológico que demostró que se trataban de TV rama a rama. Se describen los mecanismos y las maniobras electrofisiológicas para establecer el diagnóstico, como también el tratamiento. Incluye una extensa revisión bibliográfica.

Abstract This is a report of three patients with Steinert´s disease who presented with ventricular tachycardia requiring electrical cardioversion. Extensive electrophysiologic study demonstrated an underlying bundle branch ventricular tachycardia. The mechanisms and the electrophysiological approach to diagnosis are described in detail and the treatment selected is discussed. An extensive review of the literature is included.

Enfoque en el diagnóstico diferencial de las taquicardias paroxísticas supraventriculares en el Laboratorio de electrofisiología / Differential diagnosis of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia at the electrophysiology laboratory

Resumen: Las taquicardias paroxísticas supraventriculares son arritmias frecuentes y producen importante morbilidad. El estudio electrofisiológico permite hacer el diagnóstico su mecanismo para luego realizar la ablación. El diagnóstico no siempre es sencillo y se debe recurrir a múltiples observaciones y maniobras para alcanzarlo. En la siguiente revisión se discuten los principales criterios usados para el diagnóstico del mecanismo de estas taquicardias durante un estudio electrofisiológico.

Abstract: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias are frequently observed arrhythmias associated to significant morbidity. Electrophysiological study allows the diagnosis of the mechanisms underlying the arrhythmia leading toblation. The diagnosis is not always easy and multiple observations and maneuvers are required to uncover it. In the following review, the main criteria used to diagnose the mechanisms of these tachycardias during an electrophysiological study are discussed.

Crioablación en taquicardia ortodrómica por vía accesoria oculta parahisiana: caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Crioablation of orthodromic supraventricular tachycardia win an occult accessory pathway

Abstract An 18-year-old woman with recurrent tachycardia was shown to have orthodromic supraventricular tachycardia through an antero-septal occult pathway near the His. Cryoablation was selected to avoid A-V block. The accesory pathway was finally interrupted after 360 sec of cryoablation. No recurrence was documented after a 12 month follow-up

Unidad de dolor torácico: primera experiencia en Chile / Chest pain unit: first experience in Chile

Background: In large series, nearly 60 percent of admissions for suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) had a non-coronary etiology of the pain. However, short term mortality of non recognized ACS patients, mistakenly discharged from the emergency room is at least twice greater than the expected if they would had been admitted. The concept of a chest pain unit (CPU) is a methodological approach developed to address these issues. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a CPU in the emergency room of a general hospital for evaluation of acute chest pain. Material and Methods: Prospective study of patients with chest pain admitted in the CPU. After a clinical, electrocardiographic and laboratory evaluation with cardiac injury serum markers, patients were stratified in three risk groups, based on the likelihood of ACS of the American Heart Association. High probability patients were admitted to the Coronary Unit (CU) for treatment. Moderate probability patients remained in the CPU for further evaluation and low probability patients were discharged with telephonic follow-up. Results: Of 407 patients, 35, 30 and 35 percent were stratified as high, intermediate and low probability ACS, respectively. Among patients admitted with high probability, 73 percent had a confirmed ACS diagnosis. Among intermediate probability patients, 86 percent were discharged after an evaluation in the CPU without adverse events in the follow-up. Conclusion: Structured risk evaluation approach in a CPU improves the management of acute chest pain, identifying high probability patients for fast admission and start of treatment in a CU and allowing safe discharge of low probability ones.